World Witnesses Its Hottest April Yet, Continuing an 11-Month Record-breaking Streak The European Union's climate change monitoring service has issued a dire warning: April 2024 has marked the hottest April on record, extending an unprecedented 11-month streak where each consecutive month has set a new temperature record. The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) delivered this alarming news in its monthly bulletin, revealing that every month since June 2023 has ranked as the hottest globally compared to the corresponding month in previous years. The global average temperature for the past 12 months, including April, has surged to alarming heights, standing at 1.61 degrees Celsius above the average during the pre-industrial period of 1850-1900. This trend underscores the relentless march of climate change, with its catastrophic impacts looming large on a global scale. Scientists are now grappling with the implications of these extreme temperatures, with some speculating whether human activity has precipitated a tipping point in the climate system. Julien Nicolas, Senior Climate Scientist at C3S, acknowledged the pressing question, reflecting the concerns shared by many in the scientific community. The primary driver behind this alarming trend is the relentless emission of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels. However, in recent months, the natural El Niño phenomenon, characterized by the warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean, has exacerbated the rise in temperatures, further amplifying the climate crisis. Already, the effects of climate change are manifesting in devastating weather extremes. April saw a heatwave in the Sahel region, a belt of semi-arid land that stretches across Africa, potentially resulting in thousands of fatalities. Hayley Fowler, a climate scientist at Newcastle University, warned that such events bring humanity perilously close to breaching the goals outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement aimed to cap global warming at 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, a threshold crucial for averting catastrophic consequences such as fatal heatwaves, widespread flooding, and irreversible loss of ecosystems. However, Fowler voiced skepticism about the feasibility of achieving this target, urging immediate and drastic action to curb emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change. While technically the 1.5-degree target has not yet been breached, the trajectory of current trends suggests a looming crisis. Scientists stress the urgency of accelerating efforts to reduce CO2 emissions to prevent a catastrophic overshoot of the target. Pakistan Reaches for the Moon ICUBE-Q Satellite Launched

The ICUBE-Q satellite reached detached point through China’s Chang’e-6 probe, solidifying a milestone collaboration between the two nations in the realm of space exploration.

Pakistan celebrates a significant achievement in its space exploration endeavors as the ICUBE-Q satellite was successfully launched into the lunar orbit on Wednesday, marking a pivotal moment in the country’s space program. The satellite reached the detached point through China’s Chang’e-6 probe, solidifying a milestone collaboration between the two nations in the realm of space exploration.

Following its entry into lunar orbit, the Institute of Space Technology (IST) is set to embark on a series of comprehensive tests over the next five to six days. Dr. Khurram Khurshid and Dr. Qamarul Islam, representing Pakistan, are currently in China to oversee the country’s inaugural lunar mission. Dr. Khurshid highlighted that critical tests including communication and battery assessments will be conducted during ICUBE-Q’s orbital phase.

A week-long process is anticipated to verify the operational readiness of the orbiter’s imaging system, with expectations for the first images from the lunar surface to be unveiled by May 15 or 16. Concurrently, various sub-systems will undergo rigorous testing to ensure optimal functionality.

Looking ahead, the next phase of the mission will witness China’s Chang’e-6 lander descending onto the lunar surface, aiming to gather valuable soil and rock samples from the moon’s south pole region. This ambitious endeavor is slated to commence its return journey to Earth on June 4, with an estimated arrival on June 25, marking another significant milestone in the mission’s trajectory.

The journey towards this achievement traces back to May 3, when Pakistan’s inaugural lunar orbiter soared into space from China’s Henan Space Launch Site. This historic moment underscores Pakistan’s growing presence in the global space exploration arena.

The genesis of this endeavor dates back to 2022 when the China National Space Agency (CNSA), in collaboration with the Asia Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO), extended an opportunity to member states to contribute a student-built payload to the Chang’e 6 mission. The selection of ICUBE-Q, proposed by IST, followed a rigorous evaluation process, culminating in a collaborative effort between IST’s students and faculty, SUPARCO, and China’s Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU).

The ICUBE-Q satellite comprises three integral components: the CubeSat, the separation mechanism, and the mounting bracket. Weighing approximately 7 kilograms, the payload is equipped with dual cameras for capturing images of the lunar surface, alongside an array of sensors and apparatuses facilitating deep-space communication, altitude control, and other essential functions.

As Pakistan continues to chart new frontiers in space exploration, the successful deployment of ICUBE-Q into lunar orbit stands as a testament to the nation’s scientific prowess and collaborative spirit in the pursuit of knowledge beyond terrestrial boundaries.