Now, Chinese scientists from the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have introduced a prototype instrument that can directly measure antimicrobial resistant phenotypes at single-cell resolution from clinical samples within three hours, without the need for cell propagation.
Widespread antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the associated rise of “superbugs” is a major public health threat. A leading cause is the misuse or overuse of antibiotics due to the paucity of rapid assays for clinical AMR.
The system, Clinical Antimicrobial Resistance Ramanometry (CAMR-R), is based on a novel approach invented by the team, which showed that AMR can be measured by D2O-feeding Raman Microspectroscopy. When a cell “drinks” water, in this case D2O or heavy water, the “drinking” rate can be measured via Single-cell Raman Spectra. Thus, the level of AMR can be quantified at single-cell resolution, in a culture-free manner.
“All living microbial cells consume water to maintain metabolic activity. Thus, CAMR-R is broadly applicable to different clinical pathogens,” said XU Jian, head of the Single-Cell Center of QIBEBT where this system was developed. “CAMR-R provides a solution for the responsible and precise administration of antibiotics.”
CAMR-R comes with an intelligent informatics system that includes three pieces of software: CAMR-RamLIS, CAMR-RamEX and CAMR-RamDB, according to XU. CAMR-RamLIS controls rapid, precise and intelligent acquisition of single-cell Raman Spectra. CAMR-RamEX performs automated analysis of Raman Spectra and computes the distribution of single-cell AMR as well as the average AMR for a clinical sample. CAMR-RamDB supports high-throughput, intelligent identification of pathogens based on its large Clinical Pathogen Reference Ramanome Database.
Traditional AMR tests are based on “cell culture and propagation,” which measures the degree of microbial inhibition under antibiotics. Such a process typically takes as long as 24 to 48 hours, and is unable to tackle not-yet-cultured or slow-growing pathogens.