Bacteria are organisms which are small in size these are also called Microorganisms as we can’t see them with naked eye. Bacteria are present in almost all over the world and playing major role in an environment some species of bacteria can survive under very extreme condition. All animals contain number of bacteria in their bodies which may give harm or advantage to the body of bird.
By Abdul Samad, Muhammad Hamza, Sheraz Zafer, Junaid Shahid and Dr. Waqar Zaib
Bacterial Disease
The diseases which occur due to the bacteria such diseases are Called Bacterial Diseases.
Bacterial Diseases in Poultry
- Salmonelloses
- Coli Infections
- Fowl Cholera
- Paratyphoid Infections
- Cholangiohepatitis In Broiler Chickens
- Riemerella Anatipestifer Infections
- Necrotic Enteritis
- Mycoplasma
- Gangrenous Dermatitis
- Chicken Tuberculosis
- Infectious coryza
Here is short Explanation about above disease including The name of bacteria which is cause of that disease
Salmonellosis
Causative agent: Salmonella
Salmonella is an enteric microorganism that can contaminate practically all creatures including people. Salmonellosis in poultry is brought about by Gram-negative microorganisms from the class Salmonella
Signs.
- Intestine hemorrhages
- Off Feed
E.coli Infection
Causative agent: E.coli
Disease or infection in which accumulation body cells and tissue which is due to E.coli bacteria such disease is called E.coli Infection.
Signs
- Liver damage
- Laziness
- Off feed
- Infection on liver
Fowl Cholera
Causative agent: Pasteurella multocida
Fowl cholera is a infectious disease of Avian Group which is due to a bacteria named as Pasteurella multocida. Less mortality caused by this disease .Having some signs
Sign
- Laziness
- Swelling of wattle
- Pneumonitis
- Twisting neck
Paratyphoid Infections
Causitive agent: Salmonella
Parathyrioid is major disease of poultry which is due to unguided staff in feed industry as it is due to Salmonella. Feed is contaminated by salmonella.. Major source of Salmonella are feces by which salmonella is transferred to egg shell and then in the germinal disk.
Sign
- Stress
- Reduce in growth
- Laziness
- diarrhea
- water deficiency in the body
Cholangiohepatitis (CAH) in broiler chickens
Causative agent: Unknown
Cholangiohepatitis (CAH) in broiler chickens is a condtion in which liver swells and become hard etiological agent is unknown yet but Clostridium perfringens was fount in liver some other bacteria like
- Еscherichia coli
- Pasteurella haemolytica
- Streptococcus equisimilis
- Campylobacter sp
Also found in liver and bile duct of infected birds
Signs
- Enlargement of liver
- Yellow liver
- Hardness of liver
- Loss of weight
- Off feed
Riemerella Anatipestifer Infections
Causative agent: Riemerella anatipestifer
It is an infectious disease which effects ducks goose and other avian species.It is due to a gram negative bacteria Riemerella anatipestifer
Signs
- Cough
- Sneezing
- Discharge from nose
- Watery green feces
- Nervous signs
Necrotic Enteritis
Causative agent: Clostridium perfringens
Necrotic enteritis is a poultry disease which is due to extra growth of Clostridium perfringens type A, and to a less extent type C, in the avian small intestine. C produce toxins. The intestinal wall would be damage by perfringens. Normally it effects the chickens at the age 2-6 weeks.
Signs
- Severe type of Stress
- Loose motions
- Deficiency of water.
- Off feed
- Disarranged feathers
Mycoplasma
Causative Agent:- Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is common respiratory disease of chickens
Signs
- Water in eyes
- Lesions on trachea
- Runny nose
- Cough
- Off feed
- Weight Loss
Gangrenous dermatitis
Causative Agent: Clostridium septicum, C, perfringens type A, and Staphylococcus
It is disease in hens and other avian groups caused by Clostridium septicum, C, perfringens type A, and Staphylococcus in which high ratio of mortality and Narcosis of skin and thigh occur
Signs
- Dark color of skin, wing and breast
- Loss of weight
- Off feed
Chicken Tuberculosis
Causative agent: Mycobacterium avium subsp avium
It is disease of birds which usually effects the small birds like pigeons and pheasant and also effect bird in free range
Signs
- Weight gain
- Loss in production
- Stress
Infectious Coryza
Causative agent : Avibacterium paragallinarum
Infectious Coryza is a respiratory disease. Infectious Coryza occur due to a bacteria named as Avibacterium paragallinarum.Clinical signs of Infectious coryza are Runny nose, laziness and face swelling. Effected bird could be recover by using antibiotics at initial stage. We can prevent birds from infectious coryza by adopting appropriate measures of biosecurity, good managemental practices and doing vaccination of birds. Infectious Coryza seen in many country and it effect especially multistage farm.
Signs
- Swelling of Face.
- Watery discharge from eyes and nose of bird.
- Swelling of wattles.
- Poor respiration
- 10-40% decrease in egg production.
Control Measure for Bacterial Disease
There are two method to control the disease
- Use of Antibiotics
- Biosecurity
Use of Antibiotics
- Use of newly generated vaccine so that bird will be recover fast as bacteria will not resist those antibiotics.
- Use of Registered antibiotics.
- Use anti biotic according to dosage.
Biosecurity
- We should follow the strict rule for bio security.
- No one from outside should enter in the shed.
- Use sanitized equipment.
- Always use one time needle and sanitized needle while administration of antibiotics.
- Disinfectant should use after one flock during cleaning of house.
- In large farm BBB level of biosecurity should be adopt.