Parthenium life cycle 4 to 6 weeks and its germination time period January, February, and December. Its identification is very important. Parthenium is slightly different from Artemisia.
Introduction:
Parthenium Hysterophorus L is the worst weed and annual herb. It’s Family-Asteraceae (a member of the tribe Heliantheae). Its commonly known as gajjar booti, bitter weed, carrot grass, and congress grass. Parthenium native to Central and South America and a major threat in Asia, Africa, and Australia.
Life Cycle and Identification:
Parthenium has branched woody plant, lobbed leaf, lengthwise groves on stem and hairs, the cluster of flowers. Its seeds almost 15-25 ml long and their colure slightly dark black. Every flower has almost five seeds. When parthenium grow its look like the carrot plants. Parthenium plant almost 1.5 m long and flowers in cluster form. It is found in almost all types of lands like agriculture, field boundaries, wastelands, rangeland, roadside, railways tracks, forests, river/canal banks, water channels, pastures, and urban areas.
Impacts on Human Health:
Parthenium causing main issues on health. It causes many type of diseases and its chemicals such as the parthenin also very harmful. Its causes allergy on humans in which the skin turns red and itchy. It also affects to the children and every age of man. When the human physical contact to the parthenium it causes skin rash and also causes dermatitis. It is also causes the stomach pain which is very dangerous. Parthenium causes dermatitis in which dermatitis the skin may be cause the skin blister, ooze, crust or flake off.
- pollen allergy (Asthma, bronchitis)
- airborne contact dermatitis
- Eczema
- Itching
- irritation of the skin
- stomach pain
- cough
Impacts on Animals:
Parthenium also affects the animal’s health. Its effects on the quality of milk and meat. Its causes the decline of the milk. Parthenium also reduce the hunger of animals.
- skin allergy
- dermatitis
- tainting of milk
- tainting of meat
Impacts on Crops:
. Parthenium effects on ecosystem and change habitat. Parthenium affects the crop’s by its chemicals like parthenin, hysterin, hymenin and ambrosin. It is strong allelopathic effects on various crops. Parthenium declines up to 40% yield of crops. Its chemicals impact on the seed of aubergine, pepper, and tomatoes
Control:
Parthenium is a most dangerous weed and its control is very necessary. We can control by these herbicides chemicals chlorimuron ethyl, glyphosate, atrazine, ametryn, bromoxynil, and metsulfuron, are known to be very effective in controlling this weed. Used always certified seeds. Wash agriculture apparatus before to use and after the use. Check the bouquet before to buy. Use gloves to spoil the parthenium. Check the fields regularly and crops. After the rain, the parthenium growing fast the check it after the rain. When parthenium grow anywhere then its redressal is very important.
Conclusion:
Parthenium is very dangerous for humans, animals, and also for crops. Provide the awareness to the peoples and agriculture staff. To control the parthenium required serious efforts and it should be depletable.
Authors : Imran Kareem, Muhammad Hussnain