Nutritional And Medicinal Importance Solanum Tuberosum

Solanum Tuberosum is an herbaceous perennial that can grow to about60 cm in height .in modern days potato is cultivated as annual species .

By Riffat Rahim, Arooj Arshad, Samra Gulzar, Hajra Tabbasam

History and origin of solanum Tuberosum  

There are about 5,000 potato varieties worldwide. 3000 of them are found in the Andes alone, mainly in Chile, and Colombia. Apart from the 5,000 cultivated varieties. There are about 200 wild species and subspecies, many of which can be cross-bred with cultivated varieties.

Introduction

It contain white, purple, pink or blue flowers with pinnate leaves. Potatoes are the most commonly used vegetables in the united state.in 2017 it was calculated that each person consumed 49.2 pounds of potatoes .This beloved vegetables

 Although potato was grown in the Indian subcontinent from the late 16th or early 17th centuries, at Pakistan’s foundation in 1947 cultivation was restricted to a few thousand hectares
 Solanum Tuberosum has become the country’s fastest growing staple food crop.  Strong gains in cultivated area and average yields both made possible mainly by irrigation output rose between 1995 and 2007 from one million to a record of more than 2.6 million tons.
The latest agricultural statistics (2017) show that potato is grown on 170,300 hectares with a total production of roughly 4.0 million tons.

Distribution in Pakistan

Most Pakistani formers produce for urban markets rather than the household consumption annual output was less than 30,000 tons. Potato cultivation is mostly found in Punjab it was calculated that over 95 percent of the potato production originates. Other regions with potato production include Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Baluchistan and Sindh.

Composition

 It represents a staple source of nutrients including carbohydrates, high-quality proteins, minerals, vitamins and polyphenols. To identify mainly polyphenols in flesh, peel, and whole tuber of two potato cultivars (Blue Bell and Melody) by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-q-TOF-MS) analysis and to quantify the main polyphenols by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) in order to evaluate their distribution. The 8% of the RDA of potassium, 6% of iron, phosphorus and magnesium, and 2% calcium and zinc. Retention of most minerals is high boiled potatoes cooked with skin.

1. 24 compounds were identified in the two potato cultivars.
2. Phenolic in Melody and Blue Bell cultivars were analyzed for the first time.
3. Phenolic were found mostly in peel of the tubers.
4. Blue Bell cultivar had the highest antioxidant activity.
5. Potato peels could be reused to produce functional food and nutraceutical.

Economic Importance

Potato is poor man food in Pakistan farmer can get yield up to 200mon per acre using this production technology .potato contributed about 295 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy in fiscal year 2018.

Potatoes are the most commonly consumed vegetable in the United States. In 2017, it was calculated that each person consumed 49.2 pounds of potatoes.

Nutritional Value

 Baked potato skin is a great source of potassium and magnesium. When you have no enough potassium in your diet, your body contain extra sodium this too much sodium raises your blood pressure. A potassium rich diet can help decrease blood pressure, protecting the heart and reducing the risk of stroke.

Potatoes are a good source of fiber which can help you lose weight by keeping you full longer. Fiber can help prevent heart disease by keeping cholesterol and blood sugar levels in check. Potatoes are also full of antioxidants that work to prevent diseases and vitamins that help your body function properly.

Solanum Tuberosum are globally important crop plant have high nutritional value .The fiber found in potatoes in a special type called “resistant starch,” which has benefits for health in both forms soluble fiber and insoluble fiber causes less gas than other types of fiber. You can up the Potatoes are fully filled with antioxident compounds that fight free radicles from causing damage to your cells. Antioxidant-rich vegetables and fruits lowers your risk of heart disease and cancer. The more color in the potato like purple potatoes contain more antioxidants

The skin of the potato can have up to 12 times more antioxidants than the flesh. Like soluble fiber, the resistant starch in potatoes acts as a prebiotic that good to kill bacteria in the large intestine that improves gut health. Like insoluble fiber, it can prevent or treat constipation and irritable bowle syndrome.

Medicinal uses

• Antiaging
• Lower blood pressure
• Prevent from heart diseases
• Improve glucose control
• Decrease adiposity
• Starch rich improves insulin sensitivity
• Benefits for the gut microbiome and metabolic health
• To treat swollen gums and to heal burns

According to Quran Pak

Quran-Pak recommended us to “Eat what is lawful and good in the Earth.

  Diseases

• zebra chip
• necrotic flecking
• streaking

Diseases identification 

• Non-imaging hyperspectral reflectance captured from diseased potato plants.
• Visible and near-infrared portions of the EM spectrum (400–1000 nm) analyzed.
• After pre-processing, PLS and BPNN calibration models trained on labelled data.
• 0% accuracy for late blight lesion stage identification from greenhouse data.
• Damaged green or soil borne diseases were less accurate.
• Cockerelpsyllid Bacteria observed on the crop were large numbers of during the summer.